{"id":1818,"date":"2019-01-10T11:06:04","date_gmt":"2019-01-10T13:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/?p=1818"},"modified":"2024-05-14T13:04:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T16:04:34","slug":"faster-than-a-bullet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/faster-than-a-bullet\/","title":{"rendered":"Faster than a bullet"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1818\" class=\"elementor elementor-1818\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-33b7396 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"33b7396\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfda50e\" data-id=\"bfda50e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0813cf0 animated-fast elementor-view-default elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"0813cf0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;pulse&quot;,&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-satellite\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2fa224 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"c2fa224\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-3d1e6fd elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/author\/vladimirovna\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-user-circle\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOrbital\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-074e8e5 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/2019\/01\/10\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>2019-01-10<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-0761b8b elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"about\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-tags\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-terms\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/category\/dts-14-x-s\/\" class=\"elementor-post-info__terms-list-item\">DTS 14-X S<\/a>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0fb2aae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0fb2aae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf7278c\" data-id=\"cf7278c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd7d2a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd7d2a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Faster than a bullet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b99ea45 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--align-left elementor-share-buttons--skin-gradient elementor-grid-0 elementor-share-buttons--color-official elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"b99ea45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on whatsapp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-c73dd20 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c73dd20\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0f25b00\" data-id=\"0f25b00\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106252b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"106252b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"372\" src=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant-1024x476.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1822\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant-1024x476.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant-768x357.jpg 768w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant-1536x714.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant-2048x952.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af16f91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af16f91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc-bdnxRM fNjNoX\"><div class=\"sc-bdnxRM bSnLuC\"><div class=\"sc-bdnxRM iNLlwu\"><p class=\"sc-fujyAs blsBDQ\">Van laboratory model &#8211; L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d00b17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d00b17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If everything goes as planned, the Brazilian Air Force (FAB) will carry out flight testing of the first hypersonic aeronautical engine made in the country within two years. The test is part of a broader project whose objective is to master the development cycle of hypersonic vehicles, which fly at least five times the speed of sound, or Mach 5. Mach is a unit of measurement of speed corresponding to around 1,200 kilometers per hour (km\/h). The program is coordinated by the Institute of Advanced Studies (IEAv), one of the research centers of the FAB&#8217;s Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (DCTA), in partnership with the company Orbital Engenharia, both from S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos (SP).<\/p><p>In addition to the hypersonic engine, the 14-X Hypersonic Propulsion (PropHiper) project, started in 2006, envisages the construction of an unmanned aerial vehicle (vant), where the engine will be installed. Named 14-X, in honor of the 14-Bis, the vant will employ the concept of a\u00a0waverider, in which a shock wave generated below it, due to its high speed, provides it with lift. It is as if, during the flight, the vehicle \u201csurfed\u201d on the wave induced by it.<\/p><p>UAV 14-X<br \/>Length 4 m<br \/>Wingspan 1.2 m<br \/>Weight\u00a0about 750 kg<br \/>Speed \u200b\u200b12,000 km\/h<br \/>Flight altitude 30,000m to 40,000m<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u201cThere are still no hypersonic aircraft in routine operation in the world. This technology symbolizes the state of the art even for countries like the United States, Russia and China\u201d, informs Colonel Lester de Abreu Faria, electronic engineer and director of IEAv. \u201cEveryone seeks this knowledge and, despite the long development time, we are not far behind the world leaders.\u201d<\/p><p>According to Israel R\u00eago, manager of the PropHiper project, the hypersonic engine under development in the country, of the\u00a0scramjet\u00a0(supersonic combustion ramjet) type, can also be used as a second or third stage of rocket propulsion \u2013 these space vehicles are equipped with several stages (or engines), activated successively throughout the flight. In the first test, scheduled for 2020, the scramjet engine will be installed in a sounding rocket at the Institute of Aeronautics and Space (IAE), a DCTA unit focused on developing technologies for the aerospace sector. The project was supported by FAPESP.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfc559e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bfc559e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1-1800px-1024x682.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1823\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1-1800px-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1-1800px-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1-1800px-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1-1800px-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1-1800px.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28cde00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28cde00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"sc-bdnxRM fNjNoX\"><div class=\"sc-bdnxRM bSnLuC\"><div class=\"sc-bdnxRM iNLlwu\"><p class=\"sc-fujyAs blsBDQ\">Scramjet engine test in wind tunnel &#8211; L\u00e9o Ramos Chaves<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4518cd1\" data-id=\"4518cd1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-385953a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"385953a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The hypersonic aerial vehicle integrated with the scramjet engine can be used as a passenger plane or for military purposes. In 2018, Russia and China successfully tested the Avangard and Xingkong-2 hypersonic missiles, respectively. In the United States, Lockheed Martin is building a hypersonic vehicle for flight at Mach 6.<\/p><p>Since the beginning of the project, R$53 million has already been invested in the 14-X, programmed to fly at Mach 10 (12 thousand km\/h) (see infographic). \u201cHalf of the program\u2019s time was dedicated to training staff and implementing laboratory infrastructure, with emphasis on the T3 hypersonic shock tunnel where aerodynamic tests are carried out [see\u00a0Pesquisa FAPESP\u00a0no\u00a0135]\u201d, says R\u00eago. \u201cThe big leap now is to \u2018leave\u2019 the laboratory and operationalize the\u00a0waverider\u00a0and engine technologies in flight.\u201d<\/p><p>Some challenges, however, still need to be overcome. The first is the completion of the\u00a0scramjet. Like commercial jet engines, the\u00a0scramjet\u00a0uses air from the atmosphere to burn fuel. However, unlike aircraft engines, the 14-X has no moving parts such as compressors and turbines. \u201cIn supersonic combustion, the captured air must be decelerated, pressurized and heated before entering the combustion chamber, where the fuel is injected. And this depends on the perfect geometry of the engine\u201d, says R\u00eago.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eddb80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8eddb80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"656\" src=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1024x840.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1824\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1024x840.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-300x246.jpg 300w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-768x630.jpg 768w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-1536x1260.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Vant_275-2048x1680.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f10b9d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f10b9d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Another difficulty with the project is making the vehicle resist the friction generated by flying at hypersonic speed. \u201cThe parts that undergo greater heating due to friction with the air must be made of materials resistant to high temperatures, while the coldest must be made of aeronautical steel or aluminum\u201d, explains Colonel Marco Ant\u00f4nio Sala Minucci, aeronautical engineer and hypersonics consultant at the project 14-X.<\/p><p>Finally, it is necessary to make perfect integration between the engine and the hypersonic vehicle, since the drag (force against displacement) in hypersonic flight is very high. \u201cThe front part of the vehicle must function as an air intake [in the engine], producing compression, while the rear part must operate as a nozzle, transforming the high temperature and pressure of the supersonic combustion chamber into thrust. Thus, the engine and the vehicle become indistinguishable, reaching extremely high flight speeds\u201d, says Israel R\u00eago.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d3d24c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d3d24c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_has_onepagescroll_dot&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f8b4521\" data-id=\"f8b4521\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe9138b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe9138b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ekit_we_effect_on&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Source: FAPESP &#8211; <\/em><a style=\"background-color: #f7faff; font-size: 1rem;\" href=\"https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/mais-rapido-do-que-uma-bala\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/revistapesquisa.fapesp.br\/mais-rapido-do-que-uma-bala\/<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Brazilian researchers develop an aerial vehicle that will travel at hypersonic speed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1819,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[11,27,26],"class_list":["post-1818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dts-14-x-s","tag-ciencia","tag-hipersonico","tag-vant"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1818"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1818\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3602,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1818\/revisions\/3602"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orbitalengenharia.com.br\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}